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A product that represents a clear technological advance over competing products can generally command a high price. Because technological advances tend to be quickly surpassed and companies want to make large profits while they still can, many companies charge the greatest price the market will bear when they have such a product. But large

profits on the new product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the new product’s capabilities. Consequently, the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.

In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A. The first is an assumption that forms the basis for a course of action that the argument criticizes; the second presents the course of action endorsed by the argument.

B. The first is a consideration raised to explain the appeal of a certain strategy; the second is a consideration raised to call into question the wisdom of adopting that strategy.

C. The first is an assumption that has been used to justify a certain strategy; the second is a consideration that is used to cast doubt on that assumption.

D. The first is a consideration raised in support of a strategy the argument endorses; the second presents grounds in support of that consideration.

E. The first is a consideration raised to show that adopting a certain strategy is unlikely to achieve the intended effect; the second is presented to explain the appeal of that

strategy.

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答案：

Argument Ev

aluation

Situation Companies generally charge the greatest price the market will bear when they have a product that represents a technological advance. This is because they want to make large profits while they can. But making large profits inspires

competition. As a result, profits can be maximized by charging less than the greatest price possible.

Reasoning What logical roles do the two portions in boldface play in the argument? The first sentence of the passage introduces a connection between technological advances and price. The second sentence discusses a pricing strategy related to such advances and offers certain considerations that help explain that strategy.

The first boldfaced portion of the passage, which is contained in the second

sentence, presents one of these considerations. The third sentence begins with the word “But,” which suggests that what follows—the second boldfaced

section—presents a consideration that may be at least superficially at odds with the strategy just described. The final sentence of the argument presents an alternative strategy that is supported by the preceding discussion.

A. The course of action endorsed by the argument is described in the passage’s fourth and final sentence, not in the second boldfaced portion, which is found in the passage’s

third sentence.

B. Correct. The first boldfaced portion is part of an explanation of why many companies follow the strategy of charging as much as the market will bear when they have a product representing a technological advance. The second boldfaced portion gives a

reason not to follow that strategy.

C. The second boldfaced portion does not cast doubt on an assumption used to justify a strategy, but rather casts doubt on the strategy itself.

D. The first boldfaced portion is raised in support of a strategy that the argument calls into question, not a strategy that the argument endorses.

E. The first boldfaced portion helps explain the appeal of adopting a certain strategy; it does not show that the strategy is likely to fail. The second boldfaced portion does not explain the appeal of the strategy, but rather calls the strategy into question.